Amakuru - [Tekinoroji yo gupakira impapuro] Impamvu nigisubizo cyibibyimba byangiritse

Muburyo bwo gukoresha amakarito, hari ibibazo bibiri byingenzi:

1. Umufuka wamavuta cyangwa igikapu2. Ikarito yangiritse

Ingingo 1

Imwe, umufuka wibinure cyangwa igikoma cyingoma impamvu

1. Guhitamo nabi ubwoko bwimyironge

2. Ingaruka zo guteranya amasuka yarangiye

3. Ntabwo wagennye ubunini bwakazu

Babiri, Ingamba zo gukemura ibinure cyangwa amakarito

1. Menya ubwoko bwikarito bwikarito nkubwoko bukwiye

Mu bwoko bwa A, Ubwoko C, na B B, Ubwoko B bufite uburebure bwo hasi cyane, kandi nubwo guhangana n’umuvuduko uhagaze ari bibi, umuvuduko windege nibyiza.Nyuma yikarito imaze gufata ubwoko bwa B, nubwo imbaraga zo kwikuramo ikarito yubusa izagabanuka, ibiyirimo birishyigikira kandi birashobora kwihanganira igice cyibiro byapakiye mugihe byegeranye, bityo ingaruka zo gutondekanya ibicuruzwa nazo ni nziza.Mubikorwa nyabyo, ubwoko bwimyironge itandukanye burashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibihe byihariye.

2. Kunoza uburyo bwo gutondekanya ibicuruzwa mububiko

Niba aho ububiko bubyemerera, gerageza kudashyira amasuka abiri hejuru.Niba ari ngombwa gutondekanya amasuka abiri muremure, kugirango wirinde kwibumbira hamwe kwumutwaro mugihe ibicuruzwa byarangiye bishyizwe hamwe, ikarito ikonjeshejwe irashobora gushirwa hagati yikibaho cyangwa isuka iringaniye irashobora gukoreshwa.

3. Menya ingano yikarito

Kugirango tugabanye imifuka yibinure cyangwa ibibyimba kandi tugaragaze ingaruka nziza yo gutondekanya, dushyiraho uburebure bwikarito kugirango bumere nkuburebure bwamacupa, cyane cyane kubikarito byibinyobwa bya karubone hamwe n’ibigega byamazi meza bifite uburebure bwa karito.

Ingingo ya 2

Imwe, ikintu nyamukuru cyangiza amakarito

1. Ingano yubunini bwikarito ntisobanutse

2. Ubunini bwikarito yikariso ntabwo bujuje ibisabwa

3. Guhindura amakarito

4. Igishushanyo kidafite ishingiro cyikarito yububiko bwikarito

5. Imbaraga zo guhuza amakarito ni mbi

6. Igishushanyo mbonera cyikarito nticyumvikana

7. Amabwiriza ku mpapuro zikoreshwa mu ikarito nta mpamvu afite kandi impapuro zikoreshwa ntabwo zujuje ibisabwa

8. Ingaruka zo gutwara abantu

9. Imicungire mibi yububiko bwumugurisha

Babiri, ingamba zihariye zo gukemura ibyangiritse

1. Shushanya ubunini bwa karito

Mugihe utegura amakarito, usibye gusuzuma uburyo wakoresha ibikoresho byubukungu cyane mubunini runaka, ugomba no gutekereza kubibuza ubunini nuburemere bwikarito imwe mumasoko azenguruka isoko, akamenyero ko kugurisha, amahame ya ergonomique, kandi byoroshye. no gushyira mu gaciro gahunda yimbere yibicuruzwa.igitsina n'ibindi. Ukurikije ihame rya ergonomique, ingano ikwiye ya karito ntizatera umunaniro no gukomeretsa umubiri wumuntu.Gupakira amakarito aremereye bizagira ingaruka ku bwikorezi no kongera ibyangiritse.Ukurikije ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, uburemere bwikarito ni 20kg.Mugurisha nyabyo, kubicuruzwa bimwe, uburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira bufite icyamamare ku isoko.Kubwibyo, mugihe ushushanya ikarito, gerageza kumenya ingano yipaki ukurikije akamenyero ko kugurisha.

Kubwibyo, mugikorwa cyo gushushanya amakarito, ibintu bitandukanye bigomba gutekerezwaho byose, kandi imbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito zigomba kunozwa nta kongera ikiguzi no kugira ingaruka kubipfunyika.Kandi nyuma yo gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ibiranga ibirimo, menya ingano yuzuye yikarito.

2. Ikarito ikarito igera mubugari bwagenwe

Ubunini bwikarito ikarito ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito.Mugihe cyibikorwa byo gukora, ibizunguzungu byambarwa byambarwa cyane, bigatuma igabanuka ryubunini bwikarito yikariso, ndetse no kugabanuka kwingufu zo kwikuramo ikarito, bigatuma kwiyongera kumeneka yikarito.

3. Kugabanya ihindagurika rya karugori

Mbere ya byose, birakenewe kugenzura ubwiza bwimpapuro zifatizo, cyane cyane ibipimo bifatika nkimbaraga zimpeta nimbaraga nubushyuhe bwimpapuro ziciriritse.Icya kabiri, inzira yikarito yikarito yizwe kugirango ihindure ihindagurika ryatewe nimpamvu nko kwambara ibizunguzungu hamwe nigitutu kidahagije hagati yimizingo.Icya gatatu, kunoza uburyo bwo gukora amakarito, uhindure ikinyuranyo hagati yimpapuro zigaburira impapuro za mashini yikarito, hanyuma uhindure icapiro ryikarito kugirango icapwe neza kugirango ugabanye ihindagurika.Muri icyo gihe, dukwiye kandi kwita ku gutwara amakarito, kandi tugerageza gukoresha amapine mu gutwara amakarito kugira ngo tugabanye ihindagurika ryatewe no guhambira imyenda ya peteroli n'imigozi no gukandagira stevedores.

4. Shushanya umubare ukwiye wibice byikarito

Ikarito ikonjeshejwe irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bimwe, ibice bitatu, ibice bitanu nuburyo burindwi ukurikije umubare wibikoresho.Mugihe umubare wibyiciro wiyongera, ifite imbaraga zo gukomeretsa no gukomera.Kubwibyo, irashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibiranga ibicuruzwa, ibipimo byibidukikije nibisabwa n'abaguzi.

5. Shimangira kugenzura imbaraga zishishwa ryibisanduku

Imbaraga zo guhuza hagati yimpapuro zingenzi za karito hamwe nimpapuro zo mumaso cyangwa impapuro zimbere zishobora kugenzurwa nibikoresho byo gupima.Niba imbaraga zishishwa zujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe, shakisha impamvu.Abatanga isoko basabwa gushimangira igenzura ryibikoresho fatizo bya karito, kandi ubukana nubushuhe bwimpapuro bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu.Kandi mukuzamura ireme ryibiti, kunoza ibikoresho, nibindi kugirango tugere ku mbaraga zishishwa zisabwa nurwego rwigihugu.

6. Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ishusho yikarito

Ikarito igomba kugerageza kwirinda urupapuro rwuzuye rwo gucapa no gutambutsa ibice bya horizontal, cyane cyane icapiro rya horizontal hagati rwagasanduku k'ubuso, kubera ko imikorere yacyo ari imwe n'iy'umurongo utambitse wa horizontal, kandi igitutu cyo gucapa kizajanjagura.Iyo ucapuye igishushanyo hejuru yisanduku yikarito, birakenewe kugabanya umubare wibara ryibara.Mubisanzwe, nyuma yo gucapa ibara rimwe, imbaraga zo kwikuramo ikarito zigabanukaho 6% -12%, mugihe nyuma yo gucapa amabara atatu, bizagabanukaho 17% -20%.

7. Kugena amabwiriza akwiye

Muburyo bwihariye bwo gushushanya impapuro zamakarito, impapuro zifatizo zigomba guhitamo neza.Ubwiza bwibikoresho fatizo nicyo kintu nyamukuru kigena imbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito.Mubisanzwe, imbaraga zo kwikuramo udusanduku dusobekeranye zirahwanye neza nubunini, gukomera, gukomera, imbaraga zo guhinduranya impeta nimbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso fatizo;iringaniza muburyo butandukanye nubushuhe.Mubyongeyeho, ingaruka zuburyo bugaragara bwimpapuro zifatizo ku mbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito ntishobora kwirengagizwa.

Kubwibyo, kugirango imbaraga zihagije zo guhonyora, mbere ya byose, ibikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigomba guhitamo.Ariko, mugihe utegura impapuro zikoreshwa mumakarito, ntukongere buhumyi uburemere nurwego rwimpapuro kandi wongere uburemere bwikarito.Mubyukuri, imbaraga zo kwikuramo udusanduku dusobekeranye biterwa ningaruka zifatika zimpeta zogukomeretsa zimpapuro zo mumaso hamwe nimpapuro zo hagati.Igikoresho gikonjesha gifite ingaruka nyinshi ku mbaraga, bityo rero uko byagenda kose kubijyanye nimbaraga cyangwa ibitekerezo byubukungu, ingaruka zo kunoza imikorere yicyiciro giciriritse cyiza kuruta icyiza cyo kuzamura impapuro zo hejuru, kandi nubukungu cyane. .Birashoboka kugenzura impapuro zikoreshwa mumakarito ujya kubitanga kugirango bagenzure aho, bafata ingero zimpapuro zifatizo, kandi bapima urutonde rwibipimo byimpapuro shingiro kugirango wirinde guca inguni kandi mbi.

8. Kohereza ibicuruzwa neza

Mugabanye inshuro zo gutwara ibicuruzwa no kubikemura, fata uburyo bwo gutanga hafi, kandi utezimbere uburyo bwo gutunganya (birasabwa gukoresha amasuka);kwigisha abatwara ibicuruzwa, nibindi, kunoza ubumenyi bwabo, no kwirinda gupakira no gupakurura;witondere imvura nubushuhe mugihe cyo gupakira no gutwara, guhuza ntibishobora gukomera cyane, nibindi.

9. Shimangira imicungire yububiko bwubucuruzi

Ihame rya mbere-ryambere-rigomba gukurikizwa kubicuruzwa byagurishijwe, umubare wibice byegeranye ntibigomba kuba byinshi, ububiko ntibukwiye kuba bwinshi, kandi bigomba guhora byumye kandi bigahumeka.