Imirongo ya paki yububiko butandukanye bukozwe mubikarito ikarito irashobora gushushanywa muburyo butandukanye ukurikije ibikenewe mubintu bipfunyitse. Birashobora kwinjizwa no kuzingirwa muburyo butandukanye kugirango bikenere gukingira ibicuruzwa. Ikarito ikarito yerekana ibikoresho ni amahitamo meza yo gupakira kandi akenshi niyo mahitamo yambere kubikoresho.
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu ikarito isukuye bifite ibyiza byubuhanga bworoshye bwo gutunganya, uburemere bworoshye, nigiciro gito. Barashobora kandi gukoresha inguni zisigaye zindi bicuruzwa bipakira, bizigama umutungo kandi bigabanya imyanda. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bizahumanya ibidukikije mugihe cyo gukoresha kandi biroroshye kubisubiramo, kuburyo bikoreshwa cyane.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibyo bikoresho byagenwe nubwoko 09. Igihugu cyanjye gisanzwe, GB / 6543-2008, gitanga kandi imiterere na kode yibikoresho bitandukanye kumugereka usanzwe utanga amakuru.
Style Uburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho
Nibihe bintu bifatika bigomba kuba bikozwe mu ikarito ikarito igomba guhura n'ibikenewe mu gupakira? Iki nikibazo abashushanya bakeneye kwiga no gucukumbura.
Ibikoresho bikarito bikarito byakozwe muburyo bwo gushiramo cyangwa kuzinga. Muri paki, bakina cyane cyane uruhare rwa bariyeri no kuzuza.
Mbere ya byose, reka dusesengure imbaraga zibi bikoresho muri paki mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara. Mugihe cyo gutwara, iyo paki ikorewe imbaraga ziva hanze zerekeza kuri horizontal (X icyerekezo), nka feri itunguranye, ibice byimbere bizagenda byerekeza mubyerekezo bitambitse bitewe nubusembure, hamwe nicyerekezo cyo kugenda, imbere n'inkuta z'umugereka w'inyuma z'igice zizabyara. Ingaruka.
Kubera ko ibikoresho by'urukuta rw'ibikoresho ari ikarito ikarito, ifite imikorere yo kuryama, izagabanya ingaruka zatewe n'ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, igice gishobora kugira ubushyamirane hamwe nurukuta rw'ibumoso n'iburyo rw'ibikoresho cyangwa ibipakira hejuru no hepfo y'igice. Bitewe no guterana amagambo, kugenda kwibirimo bizatinda byihuse cyangwa bikumirwe (kimwe nukuri kuri Z icyerekezo).
Niba paki ikorewe guhindagurika (Y icyerekezo) kunyeganyega ningaruka, ibice byimbere bizagenda byerekeza hejuru no hepfo, bizagira ingaruka hejuru no hepfo yububiko bwibice. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, bitewe nibikoresho byo hejuru no hepfo bipfunyika hamwe nibintu bimwe byo kwisiga, Bizanagira uruhare runini mukugabanya ingaruka ziterwa. Kandi irashobora kandi kubyara ubushyamirane hamwe nurukuta enye rwibikoresho, gukumira cyangwa kugabanya kugenda hejuru no hepfo yibirimo.
Usibye ibikenewe bidasanzwe, ibikoresho ntabwo bigira uruhare runini muri paki yose. Kubwibyo, muri rusange, mugihe cyo gutondekanya, ibikoresho bigira uruhare gusa rwo gutandukana kandi ntibitanga umusanzu munini mubindi bice.
Reka dusesengure bishoboka kwangirika kubikoresho no gupakira ibikoresho mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara. Kubera ko ibyo bikoresho byuzuza umwanya munini wibikoresho, ibikubiye muri paki ntabwo bifite umwanya munini wo kugenda kandi birashobora gukora ku rukuta rwibikoresho. , kubera ingaruka zo guterana amagambo, kugenda kwibirimo birabujijwe. Kubwibyo, ibice byibikoresho byangijwe ningaruka nigice cyibice cya paki ntabwo byangiritse cyane. Kubera ko ibyo bikoresho birinzwe nibikoresho byo gupakira, ntibizangirika mugihe cyo kubika bisanzwe.
Isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru risaba ko ibikoresho bifite imikorere runaka yo kwisunika hamwe na coefficient de fraux. Bitewe nibisabwa gutunganywa no gukoresha, ibikoresho nabyo bigomba kugira ubukana bwikubye. Muburyo bwo kubika no gutwara, ibikoresho muri rusange ntabwo biterwa nigitutu, kandi ibikoresho bidafite uruhare runini ntibisabwa cyane kugirango birusheho kugabanuka kumpande yikarito. Kubwibyo, usibye ibikenewe bidasanzwe, urwego rwigihugu GB / 6543-2008 S- 2. Cyangwa igitutu cyumuvuduko hamwe nibipimo byerekana imbaraga zo guhangana muri B-2.1 birashobora guhaza ibikenewe.
Igishushanyo cyiza cyo gupakira bivuze ko imikorere itandukanye yibicuruzwa bipfunyitse birahagije kugirango urinde ibicuruzwa gukora no kugabura amaboko yabakiriya. Gukurikirana ibipfunyika birenze urugero bizatera guta umutungo, bidakwiye kunganirwa. Nigute ushobora kugera kuri byinshi hagati yo kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no kuzigama umutungo, igipimo fatizo cyibikoresho fatizo, igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, nuburyo bukwiye nuburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo. Ukurikije uburambe nuburambe mubikorwa, umwanditsi ashyiraho ingamba zimwe zo guhangana nogutumanaho no kuganira.
Kurwanya kimwe:
Hitamo igipimo cyiza cyibikoresho fatizo
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikozwe mu ikarito ikonjeshejwe ntabwo bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugirango umuvuduko ukabije kandi uturike. Ugomba kugerageza guhitamo C, D, na E-urwego rwibanze. Igihe cyose imikorere ijyanye nibikenewe, ntukurikirane imbaraga zikabije kandi ugerageze kudakoresha ubunini. impapuro shingiro. Kuberako ibipimo fatizo bipima bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ariko imikorere yo kuryama ntabwo ari nziza, kandi hejuru yimpapuro ziba nziza kubera ubunini, kandi coefficient de friction iragabanuka, bikagabanya ingaruka zo gupakira muburyo bunyuranye. Kubwibyo, ikarito yujuje ubuziranenge ntabwo ikenewe byanze bikunze gukora ibikoresho.
1. Gucomeka muburyo bwimiterere
Ahanini ikora nka bariyeri. Ibikoresho bibisi ntibikeneye gukomera cyane cyangwa gukomera. Ibinyuranye na byo, ibintu byoroheje bifasha cyane ingaruka zabyo. Ibikoresho bya Rougher bifite coefficient yo hejuru yo guterana, bifite akamaro ko kunoza kurinda ibirimo. Gucomeka kumiterere yibikoresho biri muburyo bugororotse iyo bikoreshejwe, kandi bisaba urwego runaka rwo gukomera. Mu kigereranyo cyibikoresho fatizo, usibye guhitamo impapuro zifatizo zingana, impapuro zifatizo nini nazo zigomba gutekerezwa kurwego rumwe rwiza rwimpapuro. Kugirango utongera ibiro, urashobora guhitamo impapuro shingiro hamwe nuburemere buto, kugirango ibikoresho bishobora kugumana imiterere myiza igororotse, ifasha imikorere ningaruka zo gupakira mugihe cyo gupakira, kandi impapuro zifatizo zifata neza. imikorere kuruta impapuro zifatizo zifatika, zifasha cyane gupakira. kubika no gutwara.
2. Ibikoresho bikubye
Mugihe uhisemo igipimo cyibikoresho fatizo, ntabwo ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru bigomba kuba byujujwe gusa, ariko nanone bitewe nibisabwa byikubye mu musaruro no kubikoresha, impapuro shingiro zigomba kuba zifite imbaraga zo guhangana, hanyuma ukagerageza guhitamo impapuro zo mumaso hamwe na gato hejuru yo kugundira hejuru yikigereranyo. Gerageza udahitamo ingano yimpapuro zifatizo, cyane cyane ntukoreshe impapuro zifatizo zingana, kuko ubunini bwikigereranyo bizongera amahirwe yo kumeneka impapuro.
Muri iki gihe, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwimpapuro zifatizo, kandi hariho intera nini yo guhitamo. Igihe cyose uhisemo igipimo cyumvikana witonze, uzabona imbaraga zikomeye mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa no kuzigama umutungo.
Style Uburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho
Kurwanya kabiri:
Hitamo inzira yumvikana
Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, niba irwanya kugabanura ibikoresho bikozwe mu ikarito ikarito ntabwo ari byiza, bizatera gucika kumurongo mugihe cyo gutunganya cyangwa gukoresha. Guhitamo inzira yerekana inzira nimwe muburyo bwo kugabanya gucika.
Wongere muburyo bukwiye ubugari bwumurongo wa indentation, hamwe numurongo mugari wa indentation, mugikorwa cyo kwerekana indentation, kubera ubwiyongere bwahantu hafunitse, imihangayiko kuri indentation iratatana, bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo kuvunika kuri indentation. Gukoresha igikoresho cyoroheje, kidakara cyane, nka plastiki, birashobora kandi kugabanya gucika kumurongo.
Niba ibice by'ibi bikoresho byiziritse mu cyerekezo kimwe, inzira yo gukoraho irashobora gukoreshwa. Muri ubu buryo, mugihe cyo gutunganya, ibikoresho kumpande zombi kumurongo wa indentation bifite mbere yo kurambura, bishobora no kugira uruhare runini mukugabanya kuvunika.
Kurwanya bitatu:
hitamo igishushanyo mbonera
Iyo ibikorwa byo gushyigikira ibikoresho bidatekerejweho, nuburyo bwiza bwo kunoza ubukana bwo guhitamo guhitamo indentation mu cyerekezo kimwe gishoboka.
Kubikarito ikarito yakozwe numurongo wibyakozwe hamwe nimashini imwe-imwe, icyerekezo cya ruswa irasa nicyerekezo cyo guhinduranya impapuro shingiro. Hitamo indentation mucyerekezo kimwe na korugasi. Iyo gutunganya no gukoresha, ni ugukata impapuro shingiro mu cyerekezo kirekire.
Imwe muriyo ni uko uburebure buringaniye bwurupapuro rwibanze ruri hejuru kurenza guhinduranya guhinduranya, bizagabanya gucika kumurongo.
Icyakabiri ni ugushaka icyerekezo kibangikanye nicyerekezo. Ingaruka yo kurambura ibikoresho kumpande zombi za indentation iri mubyerekezo birebire byimpapuro zifatizo. Kuberako imbaraga zimara igihe kirekire zimpapuro zifatizo zisumba imbaraga zo guhindagura imbaraga, impagarara zuzengurutse ziragabanuka. kuvunika. Muri ubu buryo, ibikoresho bimwe bibisi, binyuze mubishushanyo mbonera, birashobora kugira uruhare rutandukanye cyane.
Kurwanya ingamba enye:
Hitamo uburyo bwumvikana bwo gukoresha
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu ikarito isukuye bifite imbaraga zingana bitewe nimiterere yibikoresho fatizo. Mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho, ntukoreshe imbaraga zirenze urugero kugirango ubabuze kumeneka. Iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho byiziritse, ntibigomba kuzinga 180 ° icyarimwe.
Kuberako ibicuruzwa byimpapuro aribikoresho bya hydrophilique, ubuhehere bwibidukikije mugihe cyo gukoresha hamwe nubushuhe bwibikoresho byifashishwa nabyo ni ibintu bigira ingaruka kumeneka ryibikoresho. Ubushuhe bwikarito yikarito isanzwe iri hagati ya (7% na 12%). Kubireba ingaruka, birakwiye. Ibidukikije cyangwa ibikoresho byumye cyane, bizongera amahirwe yo kumena amakarito. Ariko ibi ntabwo bivuze ko uko byinshi bitose nibyiza, bitose cyane bizatuma ibirimo bitose. Birumvikana ko ikoreshwa muri rusange rikorwa mubidukikije, bityo uyikoresha agomba gufata ingamba zikwiye akurikije ibidukikije nuburyo ibintu bimeze.
Iyinjizamo nibikoresho byuzuzanya bisa nkibidafite akamaro kandi ntibyakunze kwitabwaho cyane. Nyuma yibibazo byubuziranenge bibaye, kunoza umubare wimpapuro zifatizo akenshi bikoreshwa kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kuzamura ireme. Bamwe basimbuza impapuro zifatizo nimbaraga-nini nini zingana nimpapuro zifatizo, zishobora gukemura ibibazo nko kumeneka, ariko bikagabanya ibindi bikorwa. Ibi ntibizananirwa gukemura ikibazo cyibanze gusa, ahubwo bizongera ibiciro kandi biteze imyanda.
Ibikoresho biri muri paki bikoreshwa mubwinshi, mugihe cyose hari utuntu duto duto twakozwe, umutungo wambere uzaba mwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-03-2023
